Punctuation for IELTS

Is punctuation important for passing the IELTS writing exam? Yes, it is! It is very important. If a student makes mistakes in basic punctuation, it tells the examiner that the student’s English is not good enough. First, though, you should be familiar with the different types of sentence. So let’s review the basic rules of English punctuation. Note that there are far more rules for comma use than any other form of punctuation. If you have trouble understanding these rules, review the sentence types and clauses.

Comma

Use a comma when you need to join two independent clauses (in a compound sentence).

• Those books were expensive, but they will be very useful.
• The storm last night was really wild, so I expect there will be some damage to the house.

Use a comma after an introductory phrase or when a complex sentence begins with the dependent clause.

• When the boys came home from school, they were always hungry.
• Long ago, we would go out on long drives together through the countryside.

Use a comma to separate items in a series – ie a list. Remember to ALWAYS use the Oxford Comma.

• I’ve been to Germany, France, and Italy.
• Our goals are customer satisfaction, innovation, and environmental protection.

Separate non-essential information within a sentence by using commas.

• Paul, whose father was the team’s owner, always got picked first for big games.
• Sarah’s new car, a pink Camry, was stolen last night.

Coordinate adjectives (two adjectives which alter the same noun) should be separated by commas.

• It was a bright, sunny day.
• The bulky, heavy box.

Use a comma after a conjunctive adverb or transitional element:

• Peter got straight As in class; therefore, he was allowed to play video games.
• The company won approval for its new product; as a result, their share price soared.

We use commas with quotes.

• “Get out,” she said.
• He looked at his manager despairingly and said, “Ok, I’ll do it.”

Dates also require commas.

• January 1^st, 2016.
• May 15^th, 2016.

We use commas for qualifications and positions when describing people.

• Judy Thomas, MD.
• Paul Harrison, CEO of Microcorp Tech.

Finally, we use commas with places. Cities come before states or countries.

• San Francisco, California.
• Paris, France.

Comma Splice

Be careful to avoid a comma splice. This is a very comma error wherein two independent clauses are joined with a comma, like this:

• The dog was hungry, he wanted some food.

We can change it in a number of ways to make it correct.

• The dog was hungry; he wanted some food.
• The dog was hungry. He wanted some food.
• The dog was hungry, and he wanted some food.

Semi-Colon

As we saw in the above example, a semi-colon can be used to join two independent clauses in a compound sentence, if the meaning of each clause is closely related.

• The days were beginning to get shorter; it seemed the night got earlier and earlier.
• There was a big traffic jam; cars were barely moving around town.

Again, in a compound sentence, if the second clause begins with a conjunctive adverb of transitional phrase, use a semi-colon.

• The two countries had been at war for the previous decade; as a result, brokering peace would not be easy.
• The dog and cat lived together all their lives; however, they were certainly not friends.

If individual items in a list are separated by commas, use semi-colons to break it up more clearly.

• Important European capitals include Paris, France; Rome, Italy; and London, England.

Period

The period comes only at the end of a sentence. Do not use a period after a dependent clause, or you will have a sentence fragment. Learn the sentence types:

• Simple
• Complex
• Compound
• Compound-complex

A period should always be followed by a capital letter.

Learn More About Punctuation for IELTS

In early 2019, I made a video series all about grammar for the IELTS writing exam. (You can see all the videos at that previous link.) One of the videos I made was devoted to punctuation for IELTS. I will insert it below. Don’t forget to subscribe to my channel for more IELTS videos. 🙂

You can also find out more about punctuation for IELTS in my books.